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These pages collect a fair number of links in areas of interest to me. It is an eclectic list (some would probably say that it was "idiosyncratic"!), but the larger part relate either to New Testament studies in one form or another or to biblical studies in a somewhat broader scope. It should go without saying that I do not endorse everything that you might find on these linked pages, but that's "life on the web"! For a listing of content-oriented pages (i.e., full-text articles, etc.) for NT study which are available on the web, see my specialized pages: Resources for NT Study.
On this page (Links 1): |
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| Greek | Biblical Studies | Christian Sites |
| Greek Fonts Textual Criticism MS Photos |
New Testament General (theology, apologetics, OT, etc.) |
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On-Line Bible (Biola University) searchable text of the Greek New Testament (UBS 3d ed.) that uses the "Symbol" font so you can read the Greek text on-screen. You can search the Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Latin Vulgate and French, German, Spanish, Swedish, Russian, Norwegian, and Italian translations (even Tagalog!), as well as the NASB, KJV. You can also view three parallel versions of a passage simultaneously.
Biblical studies bibliographies arranged by Bible book, very extensive listings (Korean site, but entries appear in many different languages: English, German, etc.) The bibliography for Mark is about 140K of single-spaced text! (Institute for Korean Theological Information Network Service) << Page has disappeared or changed URL (was: http://iktinos.swim.org/da-ba/eindex.html). If anyone know where this is, I'd appreciate a note. Since the site is now apparently entirely in Korean, I've no way to figure out what happened to what was a very helpful bibliography. Thanks to Harlan Wilkerson, I can offer this link to the same pages from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.
B-Greek Home Page (subscribe, settings, etc., a search function is available)
This is a list serve/discussion group related to biblical Greek (mostly NT, but some LXX). It is one of the more valuable such lists with more content/substance and fewer flames than many other lists I've seen. The list owner is Jonathan Robie. The list is moderated by Carl Conrad and Carlton Winbery--both good scholars who keep things in line and on target; they are also good "fire fighters"!
Biblical-Languages List (an Internet list devoted to issues of using biblical language scripts/fonts in computer/digital/Internet settings; *not* a list to discuss grammar, exegesis, etc. [for that, see b-greek list above])
NT Gateway (Mark Goodacre) one of the best NT sites with a wealth of resources. (Mark must have more time and resources than I to keep up with everything he posts! Thanks, Mark.)
Bill Mounce WWW site (Greek font and software for learning Greek vocabulary and parsing; correlated with Mounce's textbook, The Basics of Biblical Greek [Zondervan, 1993], but useable without the book.)
GkLang and Linguistics Gateway (Micheal Palmer)
Read the Greek New Testament (Peter Misselbrook) "This Web Site contains notes designed to encourage those who want to read through the Greek New Testament. There are 250 sets of notes, each of which covers five days. Using these notes you can read through the entire New Testament in 5 years. The notes are designed for those who have an elementary knowledge of New Testament Greek. Help is provided with grammar and vocabulary and with comprehension of the text."
Hellenistic Greek Linguistics (James Tauber; this site was not functioning last time I checked, but a note says that it will return)
The GRAMCORD Institute (Paul Miller and company; the home of the original GRAMCORD project and now its multiple offspring: Accordance, etc.)
Accordance (Oaksoft) (Roy and Helen Brown)
This is the Macintosh version of GRAMCORD. It is the Cadillac of language software for serious grammatical study of the Greek NT; people buy Macs just to run this software--even Windows people, though they don't always like to admit it! ;) (And to add the icing on the cake, you ought to see the 3D, "fly-through" atlas of the Mediterranean world that has just been added in v. 3.5.)
Accordance Users Forum Archives
DGE site: Diccionario Griego-Espan?l (main site in Spanish, but there is an English option) This major Greek-Spanish lexicon project's site includes not only information about the project, but also content-oriented material (bibliography, etc.).
Ancient Greek Tutorial (Department of Classics of the University of California, Berkeley, a project of Professor Donald Mastronarde and the Berkeley Language Center; based on Mastronarde's textbook, Introduction to Attic Greek.) This is a new and still somewhat experimental site. The pronunciation tutorial is very useful for beginners (though not with a slow modem). I've had better success with Netscape v. 4.5 than with Explorer v. 5.
MemWorks (a vocabulary flashcard program, based, I think, on Metzger's Lexical Aids; requires VisualBasic runtime)
The Septuagint: Theological and Academic Resources for the Septuagint (Joel Kalvesmaki)
Sources for Greek (and Hebrew) fonts:
Final version 1.0 of my Galilee Greek font has been posted (Windows & Mac) with full manual hinting -- a much improved version over previous releases. This is a sans serif Windows/Mac OS X TrueType font for polytonic koine Greek. Lots more detail, samples, and a download link on the linked page. (This is a font of my own creation. Further development is planned.) Updated version posted 8/14/02. Now also has bold and italic faces.
A beta version of this same Galilee font is also now available in Unicode format with complete coverage of both classical and koine Greek.
See Mark Goodacre's Greek fonts page; he includes a link to download the Tyndale Font Kit (which includes the free Scholars Press Greek font SP Ionic) as well as other info on various Greek font options. The SP Fonts page (includes Greek and Hebrew) has more info on Jimmy Adair's SP fonts (serviceable, but not well polished). For a good Hebrew font, see my colleague, Dr. Alan Ingalls' font, BenEzra.
David Perry has a good Unicode font (Cardo) available that contains both Greek and Hebrew ranges.
The Summer Institute of Linguists (SIL) also provides high quality Greek fonts for free. See especially the superb Gentium font which includes the full set of Greek ranges in Unicode format.
Mounce's font is also a good Greek font (the newer Teknia font is an improvement over the older Mounce font). Other pages that link various Greek fonts include the Little Greek font page, Jack's Scribal and Epigraphic Fonts (these are specialized fonts, not "general purpose" ones), and Dr. Berlin's Foreign Font Archive (< not available last time I checked?). And here's another source: Yamada Language Center non-English Font Archive. If you want Greek fonts that replicate the handwriting styles of various Greek papyri, uncial, or epigraphic texts, see Allan Loder's fonts.
Greek Classics, Perseus Project (Greek classics in electronic and searchable form)
WWW Sites Relating to the Ancient Mediterranean (K. C. Hanson; the sub-section of this page that is most directly relevant to NT studies is Palestine, the New Testament, and Early Christianity, although there is a considerable amount of other material here as well.)
Resource Page for Biblical Studies
(Bible texts, translations and related texts; Biblical Studies Electronically Published; Aspects of the Mediterranean Social World; Biblical Studies and Computer technology; Philo of Alexandria Page), Torrey Seland (Volda College, Norway)
World Wide Study Bible (Wheaton College index by biblical book)
(links to web sites of many journals; this index page is part of BSW, Biblical Studies on the WEB, an on-line e-journal from Italy)
Windows search engine options for TLG (see others listed on TLG site)
TLG Workplace from Silver Mountain Software allows you to view and search the TLG "E" CD-ROM. Several windows can be opened at the same time. These windows can be temporarily shrunk to icons. Searches can be done inside a single collection, or through a group of collections. For these searches, the results can be easily printed or copied into a word processor's document. Sections of texts can be copied and pasted from TLG Workplace into any other Windows application. Searches are typed in Greek, and the searches ignore all accents, breathers and iota subscripts. Diacritical marks can be selectively added to the search, if necessary. AND, OR, NOT and proximity searching are all available. (v. 9.0 was $145.00 as of Jan '03.)
Diogenes is a tool for searching and browsing the databases of ancient texts, primarily in Latin and Greek, that are published by the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae and the Packard Humanities Institute. It is free software: you are encouraged to modify, improve, and redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public license. The goal of this software package is to provide a free, transparent and flexible interface to databases in the PHI format.
Antiquarium 1.0 (a search engine for the TLG and PHI CD-ROMs), distributed by Quadrivium Software ($200.00 indiv. lisc; $500.00 corporate lisc.)
Dictionary & lexicon searches (Greek, et al.)
HarryHahneReviews of software related to biblical studies
Subject Bibliography on Computer-Assisted Biblical and Theological Research (Harry Hahne, Ontario Theological Seminary, Toronto)
Little Greek Home Page (an ongoing project to offer "learn-elemental-NT-Greek-on-your-own" on the web)
GreekFonts(JRobie) (a listing of various Greek fonts available)
Scholar'sPressFonts (SBL fonts for Greek and Hebrew, etc.)
Diff/Classical and Koine Greek
Dr. Berlin's Foreign Font Archive - Greek
ANET-GREEK101 - Greek Resources
Greek NT texts in a variety of formats with multiple texts (TR, WH, Tischendorf, Maj. Txt, etc.); these require some work to get into a usable format, but the data is all here. Or, on a different site, you can find the Westcott-Hort text in Unicode format.
Textual Criticism & Papyrus
- Institut fur neutestamentliche Textforschung (German site: Institute for NT Textual Research in Munster, Germany; this is the "home" of the Alands' work [Kurt Aland died in 1994; his wife, Barbara Aland, retired from the university in 2002].)
- TC-List (a mailing list devoted to biblical textual criticism, both NT & LXX)
- NT Manuscripts - Papyri (Bob Waltz)
- International Greek NT Project
- Encycl/NT Txt Crit (Bob Waltz)
- Electronic NT MSS Project
- Duke Papyrus Archive
- Papyrology Home Page
- The Chester Beatty Library (images, nos. 3-10 are of papyri MSS, though not large enough to be readable)
- The Scriptorium
- Journal/Bib Text Crit
- K. C. Hanson's Collection of Greek Documents (contains an extensive listing of MSS)
- NT Web Resources: Textual Criticism (Mark Goodacre) Includes many links relevant to NT textual criticisms, including a large collection of links to MS images.
- POxy: Oxyrhynchus Online and the related site: "'A City and its Texts,' exhibition online." Includes images of and extensive information about Greek papyri of the Ptolemaic, Roman and early Byzantine periods, from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt. An extensive, formal review of the site is also accessible in the b-greek list archives.
"The Philodemus Project: Carbonised Papyri from Herculaneum." (When Mount Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79, it buried two towns: Pompeii and Herculaneum.)
From Papyri to King James (U/Mich. exhibit) << new URL!- Ancient Manuscripts Web (Timothy Seid) (Back on line finally! URL updated again, 4/30/02)
- Textual Criticism and Manuscript Interpretation (David Moore)
- Complete lists of all papyrus and uncial manuscripts (Wieland Willker, see next entry) --all 116 papyri and 310 uncials as of 1/2002. (NA27 only listed 98 papyrus MSS, which is all that were known when it was published in 1993.)
- The Papyrus Egerton 2 Homepage (Wieland Willker) This site, available since Dec. 1998, contains an extensive discussion of a fragment of an unknown gospel (i.e., non-canonical), including numerous photos, etc. (Dr. Willker is a chemist who teaches at the Univ. of Breman, Germany; his text critical material is an avocational interest, but it is well done and useful.)
MS Photos
Biblical Manuscripts Project (http://purl.org/BibleMSS) (orL http://209.19.227.169:8080/) is making high quality images and transcriptions of important Bible manuscripts and early printed editions freely available through the Internet. Development is conducted by biblical scholars at the Religion and Technology Center, which is affiliated with Emory University.
- Papyrus 1 (Matthew 1:1-9,12,14-20) = POxy 2 (3d C)
- Papyrus 13 (Hebrews 4:2ff; opisthograph, with the epitome of Livy on the reverse side; 3d-4th C.)
- Papyrus 20 (James 2:26-3:9; late 3d C.); much larger image with readable text: recto (562K) and verso (536K)
- Papyrus 21 (several related, linked pages and multiple photos), Matt. 12
- Papyrus 40 (This page is an index of 16 photos of 10 different fragments of P40, text is from Romans, but in very bad condition--not readable, at least from this photo; use the 150 dpi photos if you want to see much detail, though they are large files and load slowly; the largest fragment/photo is fragment b; text in German)
- Papyrus 46 (from the Univ. of Michigan Papyrus Collection; if the link given is not working, try the main page--which indicates that major changes were being made, at least as of summer 1999). An easier way to navigate these photos is the index provided by Brandon Wason on his Novum Testamentum blog.
- Papyrus 52 (Jn. 18:31-33; the earliest known NT papyrus MS; contains transl. & notes by K. C. Hanson); another photo of the recto from the John Rylands Library in England (larger photo [recto, color]; recto & verso--B&W photo). Yet another photo from John Rylands Library.
- Papyrus 54 (James 2:16-18, 22, 24-25; 3:2-4) larger photos: recto (436K), verso (405K)
- Papyrus 66, Jn.1 (updated URL 9/2001)
- Another site with 3 photos of P66 (Jn. 1, 7, 11).
- P66 Koeln fragments
- Papyrus 75, Jn. 1 (updated URL 9/2001)
- Papyrus 86 (Matt. 5:13-16; 22-25; 4th C.) recto & verso (this site sometimes loads quite slowly, at least from the US--even on our T1 line here)
- P87 Phm
- P116--the newest NT papyrus manuscript, identified in 2001; contains Heb. 2:9-11 on recto and 3:3-6 on verso. (Be sure to use the links on the page marked here to see the larger, color photos of this MS.)
- Codex Vaticanus (B), Jn. 1 (b/w) updated URL 9/2001; finally! a color photo (See the related pages of which this photo is a part.) There is a very recent full-color print reproduction available--though the price is over $6,000.00!
- Codex Sinaiticus (Aleph), Jn. 1 (b/w) updated URL 9/2001, also note the current project to digitize Sinaiticus on make it available on CD-ROM. "Four institutions currently hold leaves from the Codex, the British Library, Leipzig University Library in Germany, National Library of Russia, and St Catherine's Monastery in Egypt, and they have come together to create a digital reunification of the Codex Sinaiticus that will be published and placed on CD-ROM.... The international team?s goal is to create a scholarly edition of the Codex and as exact a replication as possible." This project began July 2003 when representatives from three of the four holding institutions met in London; a draft proposal regarding the technical procedure was presented in Oct. 2003. Digitization is expected to begin summer or fall 2004. No release date has been given yet.
- Codex Bezae (D), Jn. 1 (b/w); now superceded by a complete, high quality edition of the entire MS on the Biblical MSS Project site. A job well done! Now if we could only get Sinaiticus and Vaticanus posted in this format ... !
- Codex Washingtonensis (W), Jn. 1 (b/w) updated URL 9/2001
- Codex Alexandrinus (A), Jn. 1 (b/w) updated URL 9/2001
- Codex 666, Jn. 1 (b/w) updated URL 9/2001
- P.Oxy. LVI 4499 (color; contains the only know MS of Rev. 13:18 that gives the number of the beast as 616 rather than as 666.)
- P. Duk. inv. 778) amulet, Matt. 6:9-13
- Minuscule MSS in the holdings of Oxford Univ. (these are large, very readable, good quality photos of the entire MS in each case, not just a sample leaf): minuscule 1907 (= Magdallen College ms. Gr. 7), Romans and Corinthians; minuscule 57 (= Magdallen College ms. Gr. 9), NT and some LXX, nearly 600 pgs. (293 folios)
- 7Q5 (also linked on another page) (This is a very small papyrus fragment that some think, almost certainly wrongly, is from Mark's gospel.)
- Illuminated Greek MSS (scroll down this long listing--it's alphabetical)
- Tyndale NT (Description and miniature on intro page)
- Coverdale Bible (Description and miniature on intro page)
- Geneva Bible (Description and miniature on intro page)
- Great Bible (Description and miniature on intro page)
- King James Bible (Description and miniature on intro page)
- Non-NT MS photos (LXX/OG) Numerous papyri available here, some of the earliest LXX/OG texts.
- Early Manuscripts at Oxford University (both biblical and nonbiblical, science, medicine, poetry, philosophy, literature (including Canterbury Tales and Piers Plowman); in Greek, Latin, French, English, Irish, Welch, etc.) A fascinating collection for those interested in such things!
The complete The Bible Translator can now be accessed online at: http://rosetta.reltech.org/TBT/CD1/TBT.html (vols. 1 - 17) http://rosetta.reltech.org/TBT/CD2/TBT.html (vols. 18 - 34) http://rosetta.reltech.org/TBT/CD3/TBT.html (vols. 35 - 51) as scanned jpg images.
(Not all of these sites are exclusively NT, but they each contain significant NT resources. Also see my specialized page: Resources for NT Study.)
- New Testament Gateway (Mark Goodacre) contains a good bibliography page for NT and biblical studies.
- Sacred Scriptures Resources (Mundelein Seminary, Chicago)
Biblical Discourse Analysis (Bruce Terry)- The Biblical Studies Foundation There is a wealth of material here on a wide variety of biblical topics. This is one of the best examples of what I consider to be a positive use of the web.
- Prof's Soapbox (Dan Wallace) This is a sub-page on the Biblical Studies Foundation web, but deserves separate listing due to the quantity and quality of NT material available.
- Expository Notes (Thomas L. Constable) All of the NT is covered (and the OT); materials are in .pdf format; T.C. is the chairman of the Bible Exposition Dept. at DTS.
- Biblica (On-line partial edition. This site contains full text of recent issues and abstracts of others; includes a number of NT articles not indexed here.)
- ANRW, Aufstieg und Neiderang der romischen Welt (= Rise and Decline of the Roman World) keyword searchable index (U/Kentucky's classics dept.); select bibliography of ANRW articles directly related to NT studies (on this site)
- TLG, Thesaurus Lingua Graeca (database of all extant Greek literature: contains 76 million words of text, 6,625 works and work collections from 1,823 authors) demo version of selected authors can be accessed online
- Quest of Historical Jesus
- Gospel/Mark (Michael Spencer)
- Synoptic Problem (Stephen Carlson)
- Bible-Links Page (Wieland Willker) Links to many resources in both German and English
- Bible translation (Wayne Leman) Translations and translation theory by a linguist; one of the most extensive collections of translation information that I've found; very helpful with links to specific translations, articles about translation theory, etc. One of the sub pages lists many English Bible Versions.
- UBS TRANSLATION INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE
- NET Bible, New English Translation: This is a fascinating project that provides on the web a fully accessible translation of the NT (the OT is nearly finished) with extensive translator's notes. The printed version of the NT as well as a Logos-format CD was released in Nov. 1998. The translation is well done, employing functional equivalence in the text with formal equivalents in the notes--a happy marriage in this instance as the strengths of both approaches has been combined. It will be too bulky to become a "carry to church" Bible or even a pew Bible (unless they release a text-only edition that omits the thousands of notes--16,025 notes in the NT to be exact!), but for serious study, it is a major contribution.
General (theology, apologetics, OT, etc.)
This section is only sketchy; it contains misc. odds-n-ends that I've picked up since this is not the primary focus of my pages.
This section is very sketchy; it contains odds-n-ends that I've picked up, but this is not the primary focus of my pages.
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These pages use Unicode UTF-8 encoding; most Greek text is now in Unicode format, though some remnants of the older, non-standard Galilee encoding remain. You should not have difficulties viewing this material if you have a relatively current web browser and a font that contains polytonic Greek. Certain disclaimers apply. Please note that I am unable to serve as a Q & A resource. As my schedule permits, I will attempt to answer questions related specifically to my own writings posted on this site, but I cannot answer general Bible or Greek questions from anyone who is curious. Sorry!
hits since 3/22/07; page first posted 3/23/99
